World Heritage sites are natural wonders, the quintessence of civilizations, and a shared legacy of humanity. As significant cradles of human civilization and repositories of rich and diverse cultures, mountains embody a long-standing and vibrant mountain civilization. Exchanges and mutual learning among mountain civilizations across different regions are of profound importance to the progress of human civilization. To further promote exchanges and mutual learning among mountain civilizations across the globe—and to support their inheritance, research, and sustainable development—the “Mutual Learning of World Heritage and Co-existence of Mountain Civilizations: 2023 Chongqing Wulong International Collaborative Innovation Academic Forum” was launched in response to these goals. The event brought together nearly 20 distinguished scholars from home and abroad, including the United States, Hungary, and South Korea. Drawing on diverse disciplinary perspectives such as history, literature, ethnology, and anthropology, the participants engaged in in-depth discussions on key issues: how to better preserve, utilize, pass down, and promote World Heritage and mountain civilizations, and how to foster a more harmonious relationship between humanity and nature. This collection of papers grew out of the fruitful dialogue and insights shared during the forum. The theme of this collection is “Mutual Learning of World Heritage and Co-existence of Mountain Civilizations Researches on the Habitat and Humanities of the Wulong Karst World Heritage in China” It focuses on four major thematic areas: “Mountain Civilization and Mutual Learning,” “Mountain Civilization and Culture,” “Mountain Civilization and Ethnic Groups,” and “Mountain Civilization and Literature.” The volume brings together and translates significant research findings by renowned scholars at home and abroad. We hope that this collection will further advance pluralistic research on world mountain heritage, foster exchanges and mutual learning among diverse mountain civilizations, and support the inheritance, academic study, and sustainable development of mountain-based cultures. At the same time, we envision it as a valuable opportunity to deepen the exploration and research of Wulong’s mountain heritage, to build a cultural bridge between Wulong and the broader Chinese civilization, and to strengthen the connections between Wulong—and more broadly, Chongqing—and the global network of mountain civilizations. Through such efforts, we aspire for mountain civilizations to shine with renewed brilliance in the new era and to contribute their unique value to the progress and flourishing of human civilization.